International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Adventure-based Learning and Reflection: The Journey of One Cohort of Teacher CandidatesSue Sutherland , James Ressler , Paul T. Stuhr 5(2) 5-24, 2011
TitleAdventure-based Learning and Reflection: The Journey of One Cohort of Teacher Candidates
Sue Sutherland , James Ressler , Paul T. Stuhr DOI: AbstractAdventure-based learning (ABL) consists of a deliberate sequence of activities that foster the personal and social development of participants (Cosgriff, 2000). Participation in ABL programs help to foster an increased level of self-awareness which can then be applied to other areas of the participant`s life, The mechanism to help participants to reflect on the learning that has occurred in an ABL program is called the debrief, and it is one of the most important aspects of ABL. The purpose of this study was to explore, through the lens of experiential learning (Jarvis, 2004), how teacher candidates (TCs) in one Physical Education Teacher Education program learned to incorporate a meaningful debrief (reflection) in a five day ABL unit. An interpretive qualitative research design utilizing a case study approach was employed to explore the experiences of TCs learning to incorporate a meaningful debrief during an ABL unit. Data were collected through three different sources: observations, interviews, daily reflections (called critical friends). Data were analyzed using line by line coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and constant comparison (Patton, 2002) resulting in two themes: Technical vs practical understanding and learning to guide not teach. The TCs in this study demonstrated that the primary experience of both participating in and teaching an ABL unit resulted in reflective cognitive learning (Jarvis, 2004) that further developed their biographies related to incorporating a meaningful debrief in their lessons. Key WordsAdventure-based learning, physical education, reflection, teacher candidates |
Back to the Future? Algorithms and Equipment vs. Simplicity and Common Sense in Physical Activity MeasurementDavid A. Rowe 5(2) 25-45, 2011
TitleBack to the Future? Algorithms and Equipment vs. Simplicity and Common Sense in Physical Activity Measurement
David A. Rowe DOI: AbstractThis opinion paper establishes the importance of measuring physical activity in kinesiology and public health research, and describes recent developments leading to more technologically advanced instruments yielding more complex types of physical activity data. While this may seem desirable, because physical activity is a complex construct, the purpose of this paper is to warn against pursuing a “Holy Grail” of complexity in measurement tools and data arrays. Excessive complexity carries several disadvantages, which are described in the paper. Perhaps the best approach is that used by Marty McFly, the main character in the Hollywood blockbuster back to the Future. In the movie, a combination of modern technology and old-fashioned methods allows Marty to travel through time to return to the future. Using this analogy, a case is made for deciding which method or combination of methods is needed for a given research purpose, and for recognising that sometimes, simpler is better. Key WordsPhysical activity, technology, validity, statistics |
A Study of Web Communication`s Use and Satisfaction on Leisure Sports CommunityChong Kim , Su Jin Min , Jae Gu Yu 5(2) 47-67, 2011
TitleA Study of Web Communication`s Use and Satisfaction on Leisure Sports Community
Chong Kim , Su Jin Min , Jae Gu Yu DOI: AbstractThe purpose of the research is to prove that the cognition of offline organization`s characteristic among leisure sports community members has an effect on both usage satisfaction and attribute satisfaction through the using level of Web community. 993 subjects who participated in offline and Web leisure sports community were selected by convenience sampling method. The data was analyzed by SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. The results were as follows; first, community`s characteristic had affected Web communication`s attributes. Second, harmony of members on attributes of communication had direct effects on Web communication satisfaction. Third, Web community`s attribute affects motivational spend time of using level. Fourth, motivational spend time of using level had affected Web communication satisfaction. In general, off-line organization`s characteristics affects Web community`s attribute, and Web community`s attribute has effect on Web communication satisfaction directly and indirectly by using level. Key WordsLeisure sports community, Web communication, satisfaction |
Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, and Physical Activity of Women Aged 20 to 68 YearsJong Kyu Kim 5(2) 69-78, 2011
TitleChanges in Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, and Physical Activity of Women Aged 20 to 68 Years
Jong Kyu Kim DOI: AbstractPrevious studies have reported age-associated negative changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and an age-associated decline in CRF in relation to race and gender differences. However, an age-associated decline in CRF in Korean women has not been fully reported, especially in association with age-related changes in their physical activity levels and body composition. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate age-associated changes in CRF, physical activity and body composition in healthy adult Korean women (n = 465, age range: 20-68yrs). Graded exercise test (GXT) for measuring CRF, BIA method for estimating body composition, and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) for estimating physical activity were conducted. Regression results showed that CRF significantly changes when percent body fat and physical activity level are varied (p<0.05).This study resulted in significantly age-associated declines in moderate physical activity level (11.14 min/year), percent body fat (%BF) (0.13 %/year) and CRF (0.21ml/kg/min/year). Multiple regression analysis showed that this cross-sectional decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was due to age, %BF, sedentary physical activity, and moderate physical activity. Applying moderate physical activity to the multiple regression models were increased with age regression of VO2max at least 0.4 ml/kg/min/year. However, Applying %BF to the multiple regression models were reduced with age regression of VO2max at least 0.38 ml/kg/min/year. Our results, therefore, suggested that increasing moderate activity level in adult women may reduce an age-associated change in % BF and may delay an age-associated decrease in CRF in Korean women. Key WordsModerate physical activity, cross-sectional study, multiple regression model |
The Effects of Elders` Qigong Training on Their Holistic Health Management Index and Health-related Quality of LifeJae Bum Lee , Yong Kuk Kim 5(2) 79-98, 2011
TitleThe Effects of Elders` Qigong Training on Their Holistic Health Management Index and Health-related Quality of Life
Jae Bum Lee , Yong Kuk Kim DOI: AbstractThis study was conducted in order to examine the physiological and psychological effects of elders` participation in Qigong. For this purpose, we examined the physiological effects using holistic national health indexes, and analyzed the psychological effects by measuring health-related quality of life. From the results of this study were drawn conclusions as follows. First of all, holistic national health indexes proved the physiological effects of Qigong applied to elders were tested as follows. First, self-perceived health was enhanced significantly in elders participating in Qigong training. Second, elders` health behavior was enhanced significantly after Qigong training. Third, the result of elders` pain assessment was improved significantly after Qigong training. Fourth, after Qigong training, significant difference was observed in measurements obtained using medical devices including blood pressure, blood sugar, and body composition but not in bone density. Fifth, after Qigong training, significant difference was observed in physical measurements such as flexibility and weight. In addition, health-related quality of life assessed after the application of Qigong proved the psychological effects as follows. First, perceived physical function was significantly different. Second, perceived general health was significantly different. Third, perceived mental health was significantly different. Fourth, perceived vitality was significantly different. Fifth, perceived role limitation was not significantly different. These results suggest that elders` participation in Qigong training has not only physiological effects but also psychological effects. Key WordsElders, Qigong training, holistic health management index, health-related quality of life |
The Association between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities of Married Couples and Marital SatisfactionSung Min Baek , Ho Jin Chung 5(2) 99-119, 2011
TitleThe Association between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities of Married Couples and Marital Satisfaction
Sung Min Baek , Ho Jin Chung DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between participation in leisure sports activities of married couples and marital satisfaction. In order to fulfill such purpose, the population was set as married adults with more than 1 year of marriage, living in Seoul. Using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, 600 participants were randomly sampled: 150 participants from a Culture and Sports Center in each of the selected 4 autonomous districts respectively (Gangdong: Gangdong-gu, Gangseo: Guro-gu, Gangnam: Gangnam-gu, Gangbuk: Jongno-gu). Although 583 participants responded, only 567 were used for data analyses because 16 were considered to be incomplete or insincere responses. The survey questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire to measure marital satisfaction as one of variables in this study was the MSS(Marital Satisfaction Scale) questionnaire; based on Chung(2001)`s research, we have revised Yoo(1991)`s measuring tool which was customized to make it relevant to the Korean socio-cultural environment and which had basically consisted of 48 sentences that Roach et al.(1981) selected according to item discrimination power from the 180 MSI(Marital Satisfaction Inventory) questions that were first developed by Snyder(1979). From the analyses of data, this study found out the following results: First, there were partial differences in marital satisfaction of couples on a basis of socio-demographic characteristic variables. Particularly, marital satisfaction differed according to gender, age, occupation, religion, educational Level, monthly average income, age gap from spouse, duration of marriage, marriage style, and number of children. Second, participation in leisure sports activities of married couples influenced marital satisfaction, the results of this study supported that the sub-variables of marital satisfaction which comprise of companionship, emotion, communication, sexual affection, attitude, and self-consciousness are associated with form of participation and degree of participation. Key WordsLeisure, leisure sports activities, participation in leisure sports activities of married couples, marital satisfaction |
Relationships between Weight Changes and Metabolic Syndrome Components according to Body Mass Index in Adults with Metabolic SyndromeDae Taek Lee , Seung Lo Rhee 5(2) 121-130, 2011
TitleRelationships between Weight Changes and Metabolic Syndrome Components according to Body Mass Index in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Dae Taek Lee , Seung Lo Rhee DOI: AbstractThis study examined whether severity of metabolic risk factor is associated with the magnitude of weight changes in individuals of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Middle aged (≥40 years) men (n=145) and women (n=234) with MetS who were tested for physical examinations at least twice in local community health center, separated by at least 30 days (averaged 124 days), were participated in the analyses. They were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI) of <25 or ≥25 kg/m2. The changes of body physique variables (weight, waist circumference, BMI) were related to some of biochemical components of MetS. However, the relationships were only obvious in the group of BMI <25 kg/m2, but not in ≥25 in both man and woman. The relationships among variables were different between man and woman. Data suggest that any beneficial effects by changes of physique in individuals with MetS may be predicted differently based on the initial status of BMI of the population. In addition, the interpretation should be differently conducted for man and woman. Key WordsMetabolic syndrome, adults, weight changes, body mass index |
The Gait Patterns of the Child with Down syndrome according to the Different Walking Practice AidsKi Hong Kim 5(2) 131-142, 2011
TitleThe Gait Patterns of the Child with Down syndrome according to the Different Walking Practice Aids
Ki Hong Kim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of gait patterns while walking with visual tips using the light target and guide line for the child with Down syndrome (DS). Participants in this study were the child with DS aged 12 years old and 4 students without disabilities ranging in chronological age from 10 to 12 years (M=10.75). The norm of the gait patterns for the comparison to the child with DS was based on the results of the four children without disabilities. The ground reaction forces of the child with DS showed the change according to the walking stages guided by the different visual tips. Specially, the child with DS showed the stable and regular gait type of M shape at the condition of visual aids such red light and line tips. The changes at the ground reaction force Z direction were more vivid than other ground reaction of X and Y when the visual aids were provided during the walking phase for the child with DS. Key WordsDown syndrome, gait pattern, ground reaction |
The Twenty Years of the Korean Society for the Sociology of Sport: Legacies and TasksJin Kyung Park 5(2) 143-160, 2011
TitleThe Twenty Years of the Korean Society for the Sociology of Sport: Legacies and Tasks
Jin Kyung Park DOI: Abstract20 years have passed since the Korean Society for the Sociology of Sport (KSSS) was officially founded as an academic community. If likened to a person, the Twenty Years of the KSSS marks its coming of age. In 1990, when the KSSS was founded, sport science faced its dawning in South Korea. Over the last two decades, KSSS has played a key role in communicating and developing sociological imaginations of sport and discourses on the sociology of sport. As of 2010, the KSSS has 901 members including 67 board members, advisers and advisory members, around 400 members of which pay the annual membership fee. The KSSS has held seminars and workshops of seven or eight times a year in which about 200 participants have had heated discussions and presentations each time. This is a legacy of the process of institutionalizing the Korean sociology of sport. However, behind this ostensible growth and development, the Korean sociology of sport has faced great difficulty and complicated challenge and crisis most likely to be resolved. It is time for us to not only develop creative thenamics of the Korean society, but also promote the suitability of the Korean sociology of sport to reality. We keenly need to make ories most likely to explain diversity and dyan effort to theorise aboriginal sociology of sport based on the social reality and historical development of Korean sport rather than attempts to explain domestic reality in sport by using theories developed from the western countries. Key WordsKorean Society for the Sociology of Sport, Korean sociology of sport, the process of institutionalizing, Germination stage, Normal stage, Network Stage, Speciality stage |
How Much is Too Much?: Newspaper Coverage of the 2008 Beijing Paralympic and Olympic GamesYoung Lin Chung , Chan Woo Ahn 5(2) 161-182, 2011
TitleHow Much is Too Much?: Newspaper Coverage of the 2008 Beijing Paralympic and Olympic Games
Young Lin Chung , Chan Woo Ahn DOI: AbstractThis study compared the coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (OG) and Paralympic Games (PG) by a Korean newspaper, Chosun Ilbo. There were statistically significant differences in the amount of the size and frequency between the 2008 OG (August 8-25, 2008) and PG (September 6-17, 2008). With regard to size, there was a significant difference (p<.001) in total coverage for both articles and photographs between the OG and PG. In terms of frequency, there were a total of 383 articles and 223 photographs for the OG, whereas for the PG there were 17 articles and 17 photographs. Other interesting results were found. For example, male athletes received more coverage than female athletes in the OG, but both male and female Paralympians received more photographic coverage than others. Reasons for the results as well as recommendations for future research are discussed. Key WordsNewspaper coverage, Olympics, Paralympics |